Drugs Therapy

Preparations

1. Thiopentone sod.:
   3–5 mg/kg i.v. for induction;
   PENTOTHAL, INTRAVAL SODIUM 0.5, 1.0 g for preparing injectable solution freshly.
2. Propofol:
   2 mg/kg bolus i.v. injection for induction, 9 mg/kg/hr for maintenance;
   PROPOVAN 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml in 10, 20 ml vials.
3. Diazepam:
   0.25–0.5 mg/kg by slow injection in a running i.v. drip;
   VALIUM, CALMPOSE 10 mg/2 ml inj.
4. Lorazepam:
   0.04 mg/kg (2–4 mg total for adult) i.v.;
   CALMESE 4 mg/2 ml inj.
5. Midazolam:
   1–2.5 mg i.v. bolus injection, 0.02–0.1 mg/kg/hour i.v. infusion for maintenance;
   MEZOLAM, FULSED, SHORTAL 1 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml inj.
6. Ketamine:
   1–3 mg/kg i.v., 5 mg/kg i.m.;
   KETMIN, KETAMAX, ANEKET 50 mg/ml in 2 ml amp, 10 ml vial.
7. Fentanyl:
   2–4 µg/kg i.v.;
   TROFENTYL, FENT, FENDOP 50 µg/ml in 2 ml amp, 10 ml vial.

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Classification

Inhalational

Gas
Nitrous oxide

Volatile liquids
Ether
Halothane
Enflurane
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevoflurane

Intravenous
Inducing agents
Thiopentone sod.
Methohexitone sod.
Propofol
Etomidate

Slower acting drugs
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam
Dissociative anaesthesia
Ketamine
Opioid analgesia
Fentanyl

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Preanaesthetic Medication

1. Opioids: Morphine, Pethidine, Fentanyl
2. Sedative-antianxiety drugs: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Promethazine
3. Anticholinergics: Atropine, Hyoscine, Glycopyrrolate
4. Neuroleptics: Chlorpromazine, Triflupromazine, Haloperidol
5. Histamine H2 blockers: Ranitidine, Famotidine, etc.
6. Proton pump inhibitors: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, etc.
7. Antiemetics: Metoclopramide, Domperidone, Ondansetron.